融合像素—多尺度区域特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘纯  洪亮  陈杰  楚森森  邓敏 《遥感学报》2015,19(2):228-239

针对基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象和面向对象影像分析方法的"平滑地物细节"现象,提出了一种融合像素特征和多尺度区域特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法。(1)首先采用均值漂移算法对原始影像进行初始过分割,然后对初始过分割结果进行多尺度的区域合并,形成多尺度分割结果。根据多尺度区域合并RMI指数变化和分割尺度对分类精度的影响,确定最优分割尺度。(2)融合光谱特征、像元形状指数PSI(Pixel Shape Index)、初始尺度和最优尺度区域特征,并对多类型特征进行归一化,最后结合支持向量机(SVM)进行分类。实验结果表明该算法既能有效减少基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象,又能保持地物对象的完整性和地物细节信息,提高易混淆类别(如阴影和街道,裸地和草地)的分类精度。  相似文献   

山地地区高分卫星影像正射纠正   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

罗鼎  袁超  李胜  连蓉 《测绘科学》2015,40(6):129-133

随着国内外对地观测卫星技术的不断进步,山地地区高分卫星影像获取能力大幅提升。针对山地区域高分卫星影像云雾多、成像阴影多、纠正位置精度控制难等问题,该文提出山地区域高分卫星正射纠正生产方案。试验证明,经过大气校正、可视化的地形修复等处理后可解决薄雾去除和影像扭曲变形等问题;同时,GPU并行计算可实现影像快速融合、控制点自动选择等操作,提高生产效率,可为山地区域高分卫星影像快速处理提供参照。  相似文献   

一种用于长距离网络RTK基准站模糊度固定的非组合方法     

张明  刘晖  侯祥祥  范城城  郎荣庆 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(1):32-35,41

基准站模糊度固定是网络RTK系统初始化的前提条件。文中使用非组合方法来固定基准站间模糊度。该方法相对于传统组合方法而言具有以下3个优点:1)基于非组合观测值,避免了观测噪声的放大;2)将L2模糊度变换为L1与宽巷模糊度WL(Wide-Lane)模糊度的差值,同步求解WL和L1模糊度浮点解,简化了计算过程;3)WL模糊度由平差得到,部分模糊度固定后,加快了其他WL模糊度的固定速度。实验结果表明,非组合方法相对于传统方法而言,WL模糊度固定速度提高了24.5%;L1模糊度固定正确率提高了7.9%。可以认为,在网络RTK初始化方面,非组合方法要优于传统方法。  相似文献   

高精度遥感影像的空间投影几何精校正     

李凡  迟志楠  金绍华  吴迪 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(11):92-95

几何校正为影像预处理工作做了技术准备。其精度直接影响着后续工作的质量。目前,高精度遥感影像因其空间分辨率较高、数据产品格式复杂,在实际应用中对其进行几何精校正(包括正射校正)还存在许多问题。在地面控制点(Ground Control Point,GCP)分布不均或数量不足的情况下,运用空间投影加密控制点的方法,能有效解决此类问题。本文以Quick Bird遥感卫星影像为例,阐述了该方法的可行性。  相似文献   

GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位研究     

谢建涛  郝金明  林文贵  于合理  田英国 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(5):460-464

天空中导航卫星的可见数不断增加对整周模糊度的解算带来了有利的影响,极大改善了GNSS单历元单频RTK定位的精度和可靠性。针对GLONASS/BDS组合定位时的时空基准统一问题进行了分析;并针对GLONASS信号频分多址的特点,对GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位的数学模型进行了研究;最后通过实测数据对模型可行性进行了验证。结果表明,GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位是可行的,并且在北向上的定位精度要优于BDS单历元双频RTK定位。  相似文献   

CPL7及其在中国地球系统模式中的应用前景     

唐彦丽  董文杰  李立娟  薛巍  王斌 《地球科学进展》2015,30(5):620-625

中国地球系统模式中普遍存在的耦合器CPL6(美国国家大气研究中心的第六代通量耦合器)在很大程度上限制了模式在高分辨率上的发展,新一代耦合器CPL7并行度的可扩展性更高,能够适应更高分辨率的构型。以CPL7与中国科学院大气物理研究所的第二代格点大气环流模式(the Version 2 Grid-point Atmospheric Model of Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)的耦合为例,概述了其耦合原理,为CPL7与中国其他模式的耦合提供相关的经验。结合国内外模式的发展方向,CPL7耦合器在中国未来几年的地球系统模式的耦合改进中将占有很大的优势地位。  相似文献   

Revisiting the morphological method in two-dimensions to quantify bed-material transport in braided rivers     

Gilles Antoniazza  Maarten Bakker  Stuart N. Lane 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(11):2251-2267

Research in the 1990s showed that bed-material transport rates could be estimated at the reach scale in both one-dimension and, over small spatial scales (10s of m), in two-dimensions. The limit on the latter was the spatial scale over which it was possible to obtain distributed data on morphological change. Here, we revisit the morphological method given progress in both topographical data acquisition and hydraulic modelling. The bed-material transport needed to conserve mass is calculated in both one and two dimensions for a 1600 m × 300 m Alpine braided river “laboratory”. High-resolution topographical data were acquired by laser scanning to quantify Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and morphological changes caused by the flushing of the water intake were derived from repeated surveys. Based on DEMs of differences, 1D bed-material transport rates were calculated using the morphological method. Then, a 2D hydraulic model was combined with a topographic correction to route sediment through the network of braided channels and to obtain a spatially variable estimate of transport in both downstream and cross-stream directions. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the routing model parameters, allowing identification of the most probable parameter values needed to minimize negative transport. The results show that within-section spatial compensation of erosion and deposition using the 1D treatment leads to substantial local errors in transport rate estimates, to a degree related to braiding intensity. Even though the 2D application showed that a large proportion of the total transport was actually concentrated into one main channel during the studied low flow event, the proportion of transport in secondary anabranches is substantial when the river starts braiding. Investigations of the effects of DEM resolution, competent flow duration and survey frequency related to ‘travelling bedload’ and sequential erosion-deposition emphasized the critical importance of careful data collection in the application of the morphological method. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary sea‐level change and evolution of Belfast Lough,Northern Ireland: new offshore evidence and implications for sea‐level reconstruction     

Ruth M. K. Plets  S. Louise Callard  J. Andrew G. Cooper  Joseph T. Kelley  Daniel F. Belknap  Robin J. Edwards  Antony J. Long  Rory J. Quinn  Derek W. T. Jackson 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(4-5):285-298

The interplay of eustatic and isostatic factors causes complex relative sea‐level (RSL) histories, particularly in paraglacial settings. In this context the past record of RSL is important in understanding ice‐sheet history, earth rheology and resulting glacio‐isostatic adjustment. Field data to develop sea‐level reconstructions are often limited to shallow depths and uncertainty exists as to the veracity of modelled sea‐level curves. We use seismic stratigraphy, 39 vibrocores and 26 radiocarbon dates to investigate the deglacial history of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, and reconstruct past RSL. A typical sequence of till, glacimarine and Holocene sediments is preserved. Two sea‐level lowstands (both max. ?40 m) are recorded at c. 13.5 and 11.5k cal a bp . Each is followed by a rapid transgression and subsequent periods of RSL stability. The first transgression coincides temporally with a late stage of Meltwater Pulse 1a and the RSL stability occurred between c. 13.0 and c. 12.2k cal a bp (Younger Dryas). The second still/slowstand occurred between c. 10.3 and c. 11.5k cal a bp . Our data provide constraints on the direction and timing of RSL change during deglaciation. Application of the Depth of Closure concept adds an error term to sea‐level reconstructions based on seismic stratigraphic reconstructions.  相似文献   

基于机器学习的高精度高分辨率气象因子时空估计     

方颖  李连发 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(6):799-813

气象变量常作为重要的影响因子出现在环境污染、疾病健康和农业等领域,而高分辨率的气象资料可作为众多研究的基础数据,对推进相关研究的发展意义重大。本文以中国大陆为研究区域,利用2015年824个气象站点的气温、相对湿度和风速3套数据,结合不同的解释变量组合,分别构建了各自的GAM和残差自编码器神经网络（简称残差网络）模型,以10倍交叉验证判断模型是否过拟合。研究结果表明：① GAM和残差网络方法都不存在过拟合问题,同GAM相比,残差网络显著提高了模型预测的精度（3个气象因素的交叉验证CV R²平均提高了0.21,CV RMSE平均降低了37%）,其中相对湿度模型的提升幅度最大（CV R²:0.85 vs. 0.52,CV RMSE:7.53% vs. 13.59%）;② 残差模型的结果较普通克里格插值结果和再分析资料更接近站点观测数据,表明残差网络可作为高分辨率气象数据研制的可靠方法。此外,研究还发现在相对湿度模型中加入臭氧浓度和气温、在风速模型中加入GLDAS风速再分析资料,可提升模型的性能。  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF UAVLS TO RAPID GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS          下载免费PDF全文

SHAO Yan-xiu  ZHANG Bo  ZOU Xiao-bo  WANG Ai-guo  ZHANG Fan-yu  YUAN Dao-yang  LIU Xing-wang  HE Wen-gui 《地震地质》2017,39(6):1185-1197

Three-dimensional scanning with LiDAR has been widely used in geological surveys. The LiDAR with high accuracy is promoting geoscience quantification. And it will be much more convenient, efficient and useful when combining it with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). This study focuses on UAV-based Laser Scanning (UAVLS)geological field mapping, taking two examples to present advantages of the UAVLS in contrast with other mapping methods. For its usage in active fault mapping, we scanned the Nanpo village site on the Zhangxian segment of the West Qinling north-edge fault. It effectively removed the effects of buildings and vegetation, and uncovered the fault trace. We measured vertical offset of 1.3m on the terrace T₁ at the Zhang river. Moreover, we also scanned landslide features at the geological hazard observatory of Lanzhou University in the loess area. The scanning data can help understand how micro-topography affects activation of loess landslides. The UAVLS is time saving in the field, only spending about half an hour to scan each site. The amount of average points per meter is about 600, which can offer topography data with resolution of centimeter. The results of this study show that the UAVLS is expected to become a common, efficient and economic mapping tool.  相似文献